COVID-19, SARS e MERS: semelhanças e diferenças

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Edgar Manuel Cambaza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-7812

Keywords

COVID-19; SARS, MERS; semelhanças; diferenças

Resumo

Desde a viragem do milénio, a doença do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) foi precedida por duas outras doenças de coronavírus: a síndrome respiratória aguda severa (SARS) e a síndrome respiratória do Médio Oriente (MERS). Embora ambas fossem mais severas, a sua propagação geográfica e duração como epidemias foram muito mais limitadas em relação à COVID-19, mas várias lições aprendidas a partir da investigação destas doenças têm sido relevantes para o controlo do SARS-CoV-2. O presente artigo visa apresentar comparações entre a COVID-19 e as outras duas doenças causadas por coronavírus. A pesquisa consistiu na revisão de documentos académicos, científicos e normativos disponíveis na internet usando o Atlas.ti com os códigos “comparações entre coronavírus”, “SARS” e “MERS”. As três doenças apresentam similaridades na medida que são causadas por beta-coronavírus provavelmente oriundos de morcegos que infectaram alimentos de origem animal vendidos em mercados. Além disso, todas causam quadros de tosse seca, febre e apneia que, em casos severos, podem evoluir para pneumonia potencialmente letal. Filogeneticamente, SARS-CoV e SARS-CoV-2 são as mais próximas. A COVID-19 tende a ser mais ligeira e menos contagiosa, mas esta teve um impacto maior na saúde global, e em termos sociais, equiparável ao de doenças estabelecidas muito antes como o VIH/SIDA. Várias circunstâncias demonstraram que cidadãos regulares e decisores não devem subestimar a COVID-19 e por isso, é importante que se continue a cumprir com as medidas de prevenção.

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