Principais preocupações da economia azul: uma perspetiva biológica e ambiental
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Keywords
Economia Azul, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Biodiversidade, Pescas, Ambiente, Turismo, Poluição
Resumo
A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) lançou recentemente a Década do Oceano para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, de 2021 a 2030, de grande importância para o desenvolvimento das ciências marinhas e para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), em particular o ODS 14 – Proteger a Vida Marinha. Apesar de ter sido uma iniciativa dos Pequenos Estados Insulares em Desenvolvimento (Small Island Developing States – SIDS) na Conferência da ONU sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável em 1992, a Economia Azul, ou Crescimento Azul, é relevante para todos os países costeiros.
A este conceito associam-se o conceito de Oceano Global, como oceano único e sem barreiras, e o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, baseado em três pilares indissociáveis: desenvolvimento económico, proteção ambiental e progresso social.
Neste artigo, são apresentadas as principais preocupações relacionadas com a Economia Azul, numa perspetiva biológica e ambiental, como o uso sustentável da biodiversidade, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade das pescas, as mudanças climáticas, o turismo marinho e costeiro, a poluição, e a governança e cooperação internacional.
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