Sino-Lusophone relations: trade, investment, and technological cooperation

Main Article Content

Bernardo Gonçalves Arnaud https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1906-0407

Keywords

China, Lusophone countries, Belt and Road Initiative, Foreign Direct Investment, South-South Cooperation, Technology, Strategic Acquisitions

Abstract

This article analyzes the economic and strategic relations between the People’s Republic of China and Portuguese-speaking countries within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study examines the evolution of trade relations, foreign direct investment flows, technology acquisitions, and bilateral cooperation agreements established since the launch of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries (Forum Macau) in 2003 and intensified with the BRI from 2013 onwards.


The analysis covers Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and Portugal as main case studies, highlighting strategic sectors including energy, infrastructure, mining, agriculture, and technology. The results demonstrate exponential growth in Sino-Lusophone relations, with China–Brazil bilateral trade growing from USD 6.6 billion in 2003 to USD 157.5 billion in 2023, and accumulated Chinese investments exceeding USD 100 billion in Portuguese-speaking countries.


The article also examines Chinese strategic acquisitions in technology and digital infrastructure companies, evidencing a new phase of cooperation focused on high value-added sectors. The conclusion is that Sino-Lusophone relations constitute a fundamental axis of China’s global strategy, with significant implications for global geopolitics and the economic development of Portuguese-speaking countries.

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